Brief Encounters

â€Å"Brief Encounters† is actually an adaptation of Noel Coward’s 1936 one-act play, â€Å"Still Life. † It came out as a film in 1945. Set in the backdrop of World War II in 1945, the story tells of how Laura Jesson, a housewife and Alec Harvey, a married doctor, get to slowly build a forbidden romance. They met at a certain cafe in a railway station and set a rendezvous at the same place on several occasions. With that, a certain friendship based on companionship which eventually grew into love was formed. They arranged to meet at occasional opportune moments hence the title, Brief Encounters.The two kept on with the relationship, stealing brief moments to see each other. Then after, when Alec needed to leave the country for a job in South Africa, they said goodbye to each other and finally put an end to their especially-colored friendship. Alec and Laura met on the same cafe at the train station. (Chadderton 1) Plot When Laura needed to go to Milford town, sh e usually goes for shopping and sees a film at the cinema. It was when she got a grit in her eye on the way home when she met Alec Harvey, a general practitioner who goes to the hospital as a consultant.Both of them are married and have two children. The two arrange another set of rendezvous and suddenly found that their friendship develops into love. This somehow affected Laura’s relationship with her husband Fred. Secretly, they meet, wary of possible chance encounters with common acquaintances, probably with a certain longing to spend more time with each other in private. There was this one time, after a certain number of meetings that they went to Alec’s friend, Valentine Dyall’ apartment.It is upon chance also that this friend of the doctor’s suddenly arrives that our heroine needed to leave the scene through the fire exit. It seemed though that all situations surrounding the lovers did not permit them to achieve the happiness that they wanted to hav e together. Destiny wanted to tell them that they have to face the reality that they are tied to responsibilities in their respective families that the two decided to stop seeing each other. The last meeting that they had was when Alec heads to Johannesburg, South Africa. Laura went to see him off at the same train station in Milford where they first met.At the opportune time that they were seeing each other for the last time, a certain friend of Laura’s named Dolly Messiter appears and gets to sit with them, uninvited. Until the end, the relationship seemed to have stood among rocks and even the last meeting has been only a brief encounter. Meanwhile, in contrast to their love affair, the leads were surrounded by other younger couples who were freer to love, were victorious in their relationship and were able to have the opportunity to experience passion. Myrtle, the station manager and Albert, the guard, started an affair that was more open and passionate.The waitress, Bery l relished the gift of young and first love with cake-seller Stanley. Beryl’s dance scenes has far dimmed out and at the same time placed a brighter spotlight to an unconsummated love affair between Laura and Alec. The story, which is all about having secret love affairs, is quite a common occurrence already during the time when the play was originally released. It might not seem to be a new concept that everyone would die to see but due to the vividness of the emotions of the characters, especially the woman, it appealed to a great number of audiences.Its being told in the woman’s point of view really makes it much of a demonstration of repressed emotions and repressed sexuality, capturing real life human passion from every commoner’s life happenings. The original play has been adapted by various theaters in the United Kingdom such as the Oxford Stage and The Liverpool Playhouse among others. The latest and most talked about adaptation is that of the Kneehigh T heatre, a London-based international theater group, directed by their artistic director, Emma Rice, getting all praises from reviews and critics.Kneehigh Theatre started out small with a teacher giving workshops in Cornwall in 1980, after which they started giving out shows for the common people of Cornwall and up until now, they remained in that place by choice. It is where they believe that they can produce the most possible fruits of creativity. â€Å"†¦we always try to start the creative process at these barns, to be inspired by our environment and where we work. † (Sheperd 2) The theatre is 28 years old now and has gathered quite a number of patron, or more so, devotee audiences.Their creative work usually rested upon the spirit of the eccentricity, sometimes also urbanely surreal and crazy. I’ve known of usual scenes in the city with upbeat and loud music used to be their signature style with added hoisting-in-the-air fantasies that ought to be their normal. For this recent adaptation of Noel Coward’s Brief encounters, there was quite a noted shift in this style – not actually a shift but a different attack. The characters stayed more on the ground and were more real and conventional. We saw characters full of emotions and humanity.This then proves the Kneehigh to be much more flexible and lived up to what they have been for the past 28 years. Upon the entrance to the Haymarket Theater, a foreboding message that this is â€Å"the 1940’s† plays as the blue curtains covers the stage. There was something about the lighting and music that reflect the 1940’s and has given the audience a feel of watching and being in a real 1940’s film. More treat comes way as actors themselves in 1940s costume usher in the audience. The idea of love in a repressed society in that specific time finds a good haven in this setting. The use of this technique has established the setting very well.It did not just show, bu t it would transport any onlooker to the time when the play was set. It was like watching the original film, although with more visual treats, and more elaborateness. It’s surprising though that the play has incorporated cinema in it. Some scenes were live on stage, some were onscreen and at most, they were a combination of both. This combination of theater and cinema provided an aura of a film that is coming to life. The black and white cinematic scenes makes the conveyance of the setting and dramatic situation more effective and made the adaptation of the play more accurate.In the cinema scene, the film used was the original Brief Encounters film with Laura and Alec sitting among the audience. An enigmatic and slightly comical effect was elicited from this manipulation. In the scene where Alec was trying to ask Laura if she feels the same for him, the sudden appearance of Fred (Laura’s husband) on the screen has given this dreamy effect to the play and comes to inten sify the much repressed emotions of Laura. The scene communicates much the idea of the characters waking up from a dream and having to face their responsibilities again.The incorporation of cinema in the show also solved what previous adaptations lacked in: sincerity and real emotions. In the cinema, character’s faces are focused and that would make the audience share the feelings of the characters. In this play, the use of proper stage acting caught what was there in the cinema. The acting of the characters was really effective and the cinematic effects helped a lot. Tristan Sturrock and Naomi Frederick shared a compatibility which made them seem inseparable as Laura and Alec. Since it was the 1930s, much modesty was observed in their relationship.Maybe the scene wherein they were undressing after plummeting down the river can be considered as one of the most erotic scenes. During that time though, it was necessary that simple handshakes and cups of coffee should be enough t o express love for each other. In the said scene scene, both were catching up with their modesty but failed as they ended up kissing. The recurring water waving into the screen intensified the idea of passion in the love affair and probably another attempt at depicting repression. Even so, an emotional connection between the two characters was very much established despite the limitation of romantic contac.The play has actually lived up to the original playwright. Not a lot of characters are needed to craft the play into something that is large, grandiose and festive. The presence of other couples has set love into three categories: a freer love affair for two people among the working class, young love that transcends all classes and a forbidden, unconsummated love. The impact of the fact that most of the audience already knew how it would end all the more made the movie heart-wrenching than ever. Those brief encounters between Alec and Laura made them seem as if they were stealing their chances on temporary happiness.Most wonderful is the use of the props vis-a-vis the use of the film clips and the maximization of the stage space. In Alec’s first departure from Laura, Alec hopped into a small toy train which made an ironic spectacle. Contrast it to how they made the ending: across the front of the stage, they pulled a vast amount of screen material in which a storey-high clip of the train where our Alec rode off shot across the entire stage with Laura attempting to jump with a highly dramatic death. The contrast was quite an impact. A trampoline was utilized for Stanley’s entrance to the cafe, Beryl used a red scooter and rode around it.She threw it away in an angered fit of tantrums. On the other hand, Laura’s children were played by two puppets. Some scenes used the screen as background. The use of the small objects gives a sort of a treat to the heaviness of the feelings of the audience. The use of the big train in contrast to the smal l props will make you cringe with the climax of the story. It magnified the dramatic sad ending of the story. Never could be an adaptation be more effective. It cannot be anymore clever and brilliant. It is a celebration of cinematography, theater and the totality of the elements of the performance.The incorporation of the film clips made it more effective in the sense. If one will refer to reviews of other adaptations of this play, it would seem that the Kneehigh Theatre’s production is the best of after the film. Liverpool Playhouse’s version back to back with another of Coward’s works received the ire of the Catalyst Reviews thus saying: â€Å"The plays could easily have been turned into radio plays – visually seeing them was largely unnecessary – the sound effects, notably of steam trains passing through the station could easily have been transferred to the radio.† (Serjent 12) Another rework shown at Burton Taylor which was directed by Christchurch student Georgie Paget got equally the same criticism although at notch milder. Alison Ireland of BBC made a rundown of the setting and the characters: A table in a station refreshment room is not so prominent on stage and the staff, who provide a comic, lower-class backdrop for the lofty tragic romance, are equals and fundamentally superiors in ‘Still Life' – their robust humour, sensible decision-making, clear view of priorities and no-nonsense view of the world shows the upper class ‘love' affair for the anaemic misery it really is.(2) As for Kneehigh Theatre’s reviews, nothing could be seen but all praises. In Rice's hands Brief Encounter is a clever, gimmicky production that has its fair share of [humor]. Yet there's passion, tenderness and sensitivity in abundance; if you start to think about Johnson and Howard, it probably doesn't last long because the two main characters are exceptional individually and as a couple. (Orme 4) Kneehigh the atre is sure known for its inventiveness and ingenuity. Any piece of playwright given to them is like being put in the hands of a very powerful magician.Even the â€Å"Royal Shakespeare Company entrusted them with Shakespeare's late â€Å"problem† play Cymbeline which Kneehigh took to Stratford as part of the Complete Works Festival. † (Orme2) Coward’s work fell into good hands with Kneehigh Theatre. It became a masterpiece that we only briefly encounter. References Chadderton, David. (2009) Reviews –Brief Encounter. The British Theatre Guide. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. britishtheatreguide. info/reviews/briefenkneehighDC-rev. htm. Orme, Steve.(2007) Reviews – Brief Encounter. The British Theatre Guide. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. britishtheatreguide. info/reviews/briefenckneehigh-rev. htm. Serjent, Colin. (n. d. ) Noel Coward's ‘The Astonished Heart’ and ‘Still Life. ’ The Catalyst Reviews. Ret rieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. catalystmedia. org. uk/issues/misc/reviews/Noel_coward. htm Shepherd, Mike. (2008). Introduction to the Kneehigh Theatre. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from http://www. kneehigh. co. uk/about-us/an-introduction. php.

Public Library †Architectural Essay

* Introduction * Definition A library (from French â€Å"librairie†; Latin â€Å"liber† = book) is an organized collection of information resources made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library’s collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films,maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audio books, databases, and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items. * A public library â€Å"should encourage the following uses: browsing, seeking, studying, meeting, and borrowing. Major trends likely to influence library design in the foreseeable future include: a 30% increase in pensioners by 2025, and a significant diminution in those of working age; a significant increase in those with a higher education; more part- time work; more jobs in knowledge-based areas, and fewer in manufacturing. * History The concept of the ‘public library’ evolved from the Guildhall Library in 15th century London. In the 17th and 18th centuries, most libraries were created by gift or endowment, but by the beginning of the 19th century, these had generally been superseded by either institutional (e. g. those attached to mechanics’ institutes or literary and philosophical societies) or subscription libraries. The Public Libraries Act of 1850 was one of several social reforms of the mid- 19th century, and was generally intended to create ‘free libraries’, available to all classes of society throughout the country. The first two purpose- designed public libraries were Norwich and Warrington, in 1857. The Public Libraries Act of 1919 further extended library provision. Besides the lending library and the reading room, most libraries now had a reference department, and many had separate children’s departments. After 1918 there was a considerable increase in technical and commercial libraries (over 115 by 1924). By the 1930~~ most libraries had adopted open access (as opposed to books being available over a counter via the library staff), which required more sophisticated classification and cataloguing systems – the Dewey system was generally adopted. Increasing literacy and leisure time plus the ‘information explosion’ make it important to plan for maximum flexibility and for future expansion. New techniques are changing methods of control, indexing and retrieval. The growing availability of computerized information (particularly on compact discs and on-line electronic systems) means there is a change in emphasis from book storage to information exchange utilizing computer equipment. These require additional ventilation and secure power supplies, and suitable lighting levels for users. The wide availability of computers means that the problem of space, and particularly the location of a library in a single building, may no longer be critical. * Space Requirements * Public services – A central library may serve in the region of one million customers per year, with a peak daily count of approximately 5000 to 6000 people and a peak hourly count of up to 400. The following service areas may be provided * Branch library – May be included as a discrete section of a central library, probably near the entrance, and cater for more popular books and related material. There will be only a few thousand volumes, acting as a ‘taster’ invitation to what is available elsewhere in the library. The library may be divided into subject areas, perhaps with defined enquiry points. Study spaces, browsing areas, and publicly available computer terminals can also be provided in each subject area. The various areas may be open plan, but must be visually defined (possibly by variations in lighting, different finishes and planting). * Older teenage section – An area for this group is desirable (fiction and non-fiction) and should be  located between the children’s library and main lending library (literature and humanities sections). * Children’s library – Occupying approximately 300 m2, with roughly 12000 volumes for ages up to 14 and their careers, this area should have its own identity, and demonstrate to all children that visiting the library is a safe and enjoyable experience. There must be good visibility to maximize child security and safety; it should also be difficult for children to wander out of this area. * There should be a sequence of information books for all ages and sections for: * pre-school (there should be ‘kinderboxes’, shelves with picture books, novelty cushions, child chairs) * early school years (easy-reader books, with appropriate shelves and browser units) * primary school years (stories, with appropriate shelves and browser units) m young teenage (novels, with appropriate shelves and browser units). Spoken-word cassettes and other media should also be available. In addition, provide ten study places, eight browsing seats and an enquiry desk for two staff. * Children‘s activities room – A room for up to 35 children may be required for a variety of activities (63m2). * Exhibition area – Easily accessible from the main entrance, but with a distinct identity and with suitable security, an area for exhibitions is desirable (40m2). * Lavatories – The requirement for customers is 38m2 and also 15m2 for the children’s library, which should include a nappy changing room. Depending on the overall plan, one or two sets of staff lavatories will be required (each of 32m2). * Meeting rooms- Include one room for 100 people (200m2 in total), with divider to separate the room in a proportion of 60:40. Chair storage and simple catering facilities are also required. A small room for about six people is also required. Access may be required when other parts of the library are shut; good access from entrance(s) is therefore required. * Special collection library – This area may be required in larger or specialized libraries. An adjoining librarian’s office is necessary. * Refreshments/coffee bar – For 50 customers maximum, providing drinks, snacks and light meals (105m2). * Sales point – An area to promote sales is required (this may be no more than a display case): the strategic location is important, but it may be combined with another area (13m2). * Study desks – These should be suitable for use with personal computers (which may be the customer’s own machine, necessitating simple plug- in compatibility). The integration of PCs with study furniture is very important. Two power sockets are also required. * Art in architecture – Libraries are often considered excellent places in which to display local (or national) art, either in the form of permanent murals or sculpture, designed as an integral part of the building, or in facilities for temporary exhibitions. * Subject departments – Organization of a library into subject departments has always been a consideration. * Related Local Projects * Bohol Provincial Library and Information Center New Capitol Complex, Marapao Street, Tagbilaran City, Bohol * Alaminos City Library Alaminos City Hall, Alaminos City, Pangasinan * Butuan City Library J. Rosales Ave. , Butuan City. * Cavite Provincial Library Legislative Building, Prov’l Capitol, Trece Martires City * Leocadio Alonsagay Dioso Memorial Public Library (Municipal Library of Pandan, Antique) Pandan, Antique, Philippines * Marikina City Public Library V. Gomez St. cor. Shoe Ave. , San Roque, Marikina City * National Library of the Philippines T. M. Kalaw Ermita 1000, Philippines * Quezon City Public Library (Several Branches) * San Carlos City Public Library (Negros Occidental) 610 Elm Street, San Carlos, CA 94070 * Raul S. Roco Library (Naga City Public Library) City Hall Compound, J. Miranda Ave. , Naga City * Zamboanga del Norte Public Library. Santa Cruz, Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines * Supporting Datum * A possible arrangement of a central library could typically be as follows (The Architects’ Handbook) * Business – At 184m2, this department contains 2100 volumes covering all aspects of business information (local, national and international). Customers will include: those hoping to set up their own business, those undertaking research to develop their existing business, and students. Some queries may come via fax or phone. Computerized information resources will probably be more prevalent here than in other departments. Includes 40 study places and an enquiry point for two staff. * Community – With 9000 volumes (300m2), this holds social sciences and all quick-reference works (e. g. directories, yearbooks, timetables, etc. ). Includes 30 study places and an enquiry desk for three staff. Customers will be coming for both quick fact-finding and for longer-term study: any potential conflict therefore needs to be resolved. * Humanities – Department for arts, recreational pursuits (e. g. gardening), religion, music (books and scores), sound recordings (music cassettes and compact discs), and videos for hire. With 495m2, 22 000 volumes, 9000 recordings (including videos), and 10500 sheet music. Includes 12 study spaces, four browsing seats and an enquiry desk for three staff. Note that there is a noise problem with customers browsing through music cases, which can be distracting in the study areas. * Literature and language – Department for adult fiction (9000 volumes), large-print fiction, spoken- word cassettes, multi-media, drama (9000 volumes), single copies and play sets (286m2), covering English and foreign languages. Includes 12 study spaces, four browsing seats and an enquiry desk for two staff. Local studies/history 3000 volumes on public shelves (230m2); 50 study places; enquiry desk for three staff. This area will be used by short-term browsers (e. g. tourists) and for long-term study (students and researchers). It will also be used by those wanting information about local statutory agencies, and those looking for a quiet study area. Environmental conditions for this area must be designed in accordance with BS 5454: 1989. * People and places – For information books on travel (guides and travel/adventure), biographies, and human geography. 15000 volumes (240m2); 15 study places; four browsing places; enquiry desk for two staff. * Science and technology – Area with 11000 volumes (200m2), covering computing and pure and applied sciences: 20 study places; no browsing seats; enquiry desk for two staff. Access and circulation areas generally As mentioned above, generally all public and staff areas should be accessible to people with disabilities, particularly those with sight or hearing impairments. * Other considerations are as follows (The Architects’ Handbook) * Customer services/reception – An informal and welcoming atmosphere is required, as this is the first major point of contact for new customers and where existing customers can resolve queries (e.g. about availability and overdue books); space is required for three staff (51m2). Estimated peak daily level of registration updates is approximately 200; estimated peak level of enquiries, approximately 600. The area should allow for satisfactory queuing arrangements. The general layout requirements are for: a professional, inviting and efficient reception area; clear layout and instructions for customers; maximum flexibility in staff resources; suitable supervision of customers; and suitable staff security. * Internal circulation – The flow of people and materials (particularly the two-way flow of trolleys) should be made as easy as possible. Note that circulation areas provide opportunities for vandalism and concealment of theft, and should therefore: be kept to a minimum; follow a logical route; allow visual control by staff (closed-circuit TV may be installed); allow segregation of staff and public areas; allow segregation to enable secure out- of-hours use to specified areas; and allow easy emergency evacuation. * Internal vertical circulation – This should be by lift and stairs, and possibly escalator. Lifts should: allow movement of staff, books and materials to all floor levels; be linked with the book sorting office; provide public access to main lending floors; provide suitable access for out-of-hours use. No more than four lifts should be provided. Security generally The key those wanting information about local statutory agencies, and those looking for a quiet study area. Environmental conditions for this area must be designed in accordance with BS 5454: 1989. * People and places – For information books on travel (guides and travel/adventure), biographies, and human geography. 15000 volumes (240m2); 15 study places; four browsing places; enquiry desk for two staff. * Science and technology – Area with 11000 volumes (200m2), covering computing and pure and applied sciences: 20 study places; no browsing seats; enquiry desk for two staff. Access and circulation areas generally As mentioned above, generally all public and staff areas should be accessible to people with disabilities, particularly those with sight or hearing impairments. * Other considerations are as follows (The Architects’ Handbook) * Customer services/reception – An informal and welcoming atmosphere is required, as this is the first major point of contact for new customers and where existing customers can resolve queries (e. g. about availability and overdue books); space is required for three staff (51m2). Estimated peak daily level of registration updates is approximately 200; estimated peak level of enquiries, approximately 600. The area should allow for satisfactory queuing arrangements. The general layout requirements are for: a professional, inviting and efficient reception area; clear layout and instructions for customers; maximum flexibility in staff resources; suitable supervision of customers; and suitable staff security. * Internal circulation – The flow of people and materials (particularly the two-way flow of trolleys) should be made as easy as possible. Note that circulation areas provide opportunities for vandalism and concealment of theft, and should therefore: be kept to a minimum; follow a logical route; allow visual control by staff (closed-circuit TV may be installed); allow segregation of staff and public areas; allow segregation to enable secure out- of-hours use to specified areas; and allow easy emergency evacuation. * Internal vertical circulation – This should be by lift and stairs, and possibly escalator. Lifts should: allow movement of staff, books and materials to all floor levels; be linked with the book sorting office; provide public access to main lending floors; provide suitable access for out-of-hours use. No more than four lifts should be provided. Security generally The key considerations concern the control of access between staff and public areas (both during and outside opening hours), and prevention of theft. These issues can be addressed by: strategic location of staff enquiry points, with line-of- sight control; CCTV cameras; electronic book sensors at exit points; and security personnel. * Trolleys – Allowance must be made for trolleys: for instance, by providing suitable protection to prevent damage to wall surfaces, adequate door widths, and suitable flooring (studded and ribbed flooring is not suitable). * Entry/access areas – One main entrance and two others are required, preferably separate: * Main entrance foyer/lobby: ( 190m2) should be clear and inviting, and be sufficiently spacious to cater both for visitors who have a specific destination and those who may wish to wander around. * Public out-of-hours entrance: must provide a short and secure access route from the street to the meeting rooms etc. It could be combined with the main entrance, but a lift solely for out-of- hours use is not acceptable. * Staff/service entrance: to be a safe and secure area, particularly for staff leaving after dark. Queuing space should be allowed for 40 people to wait (at 0. 5 m2/person, 20m2 is required). * In-counters (51m2) – There will be one central counter for the whole building, after which customers will either move to other departments, move to customer reception, or leave. Peak hourly levels of customers are approximately 250-300, with a peak hourly level of returns of approximately 1000 items. Space is required for three staff plus computer terminals for customers. The layout must allow for clear and direct flows. * Out-counters (38m2) – All items issued or renewed will be from the out-counter and there may be more than one, depending on overall layout. Note that some customers may wish to return to other areas of the library (e. g. the coffee bar) after visiting the out- counter. Peak levels are as for the in-counter. Space is required for two staff plus computer terminals for customers. The layout must allow for clear and direct flows: in particular, customers not wishing to borrow items must be able to avoid becoming involved with this area. * Library returns bin – This is required in the entrance area for returns during times when the library is closed. It must be a secure unit. * Self-issue terminals – The space required is 3 m2/terminal and at least three terminals are required at various points in the library. * Smartcards – The inclusion of a ‘smartcard’ system is increasingly likely, to allow customers to pay for services (e. g. photocopying, overdue charges, borrowing videos, etc. ). The machines will be located throughout the library. * Admin and staff accommodation – In addition to a general admin office space of roughly 53 m2, provision will also include the following. * Enquiry desks – These should ideally be located so that they can service more than one department at quiet times or during staff shortages. * Librarian’s office (20m2) – The base for the manager in charge of the whole building, the room must be close to the administrative support and interview rooms. Apart from everyday managerial tasks, the room will be used for small discussions with up to two people and project work. * Library manager‘s office ( 13m2) – This includes one office for two assistants, shared desk, and also room for small meetings of one to three people. Privacy is necessary, although easy access/overview is required for counters and customer services. The office should be located near the branch library. * Delivery area (16m2) – There will be a daily ‘in’ delivery of boxes containing: books from this library, but returned to other libraries; books requested from other libraries; and new books. The ‘out’ delivery will be of books sorted in the sorting office, and books requested by other libraries. This area will also act as a short-term reception and dispatch area for other equipment, furniture, exhibition equipment, etc. , and sufficient space should be allowed for this. * Interview room (14m2) – To be used by all staff for private meetings, appraisal interviews, meeting the public and recruitment interviews, the room must accommodate up to four people and ensure confidentiality is maintained. * Local studies reserve stack ( 150m2) – Most local studies stock will be reference only, in closed-access storage areas, obtained by staff on customer request: access systems therefore need to be quick and simple. (Book stacks must be designed in accordance with BS 5454: 1989. ) A local studies workroom (38m2) will usually be required adjacent to the local studies area. * Reserve stacks (155m2) – Certain sections of stock will be housed in closed-access rolling stack storage, including: seasonal overflow (fewer items are borrowed during the summer and over Christmas); reference stock; music sets; play sets. The weight of rolling stack storage is substantial and will need to be taken into account in structural calculations. * Secure area for exhibits – A secure storage area is  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœsmartcard’ system is increasingly likely, to allow customers to pay for services (e. g. photocopying, overdue charges, borrowing videos, etc. ). The machines will be located throughout the library. * Admin and staff accommodation – In addition to a general admin office space of roughly 53 m2, provision will also include the following. * Enquiry desks – These should ideally be located so that they can service more than one department at quiet times or during staff shortages. * Librarian’s office (20m2) – The base for the manager in charge of the whole building, the room must be close to the administrative support and interview rooms. Apart from everyday managerial tasks, the room will be used for small discussions with up to two people and project work. * Library manager‘s office ( 13m2) – This includes one office for two assistants, shared desk, and also room for small meetings of one to three people. Privacy is necessary, although easy access/overview is required for counters and customer services. The office should be located near the branch library. * Delivery area (16m2) – There will be a daily ‘in’ delivery of boxes containing: books from this library, but returned to other libraries; books requested from other libraries; and new books. The ‘out’ delivery will be of books sorted in the sorting office, and books requested by other libraries. This area will also act as a short-term reception and dispatch area for other equipment, furniture, exhibition equipment, etc. , and sufficient space should be allowed for this. * Interview room (14m2) – To be used by all staff for private meetings, appraisal interviews, meeting the public and recruitment interviews, the room must accommodate up to four people and ensure confidentiality is maintained. * Local studies reserve stack ( 150m2) – Most local studies stock will be reference only, in closed-access storage areas, obtained by staff on customer request: access systems therefore need to be quick and simple. (Book stacks must be designed in accordance with BS 5454: 1989. ) A local studies workroom (38m2) will usually be required adjacent to the local studies area. * Reserve stacks (155m2) – Certain sections of stock will be housed in closed-access rolling stack storage, including: seasonal overflow (fewer items are borrowed during the summer and over Christmas); reference stock; music sets; play sets. The weight of rolling stack storage is substantial and will need to be taken into account in structural calculations. * Secure area for exhibits – A secure storage area is required, with easy access to both the delivery area and the exhibition area. * Security control room (17m2) – This acts as the base for control attendants, and for the closed- circuit TV system. * Sorting office (63m2) – Required for sorting all returns. The main divisions are: for return (by trolley) to the various departments; for return to other libraries; for special requests (e.g. customer reservations); and for particular processes (e. g. book repair). Wall shelving for 1000 items is required for temporary storage during peak flows or staff shortages. This area also acts as a supervisory area for the counters and the customer reception, allowing the easy allocation of additional staff when necessary and for general troubleshooting duties. * Staff room (115m2) – With a total staff of approximately 50, the staff room should accommodate seating for 30 and also be suitable for relaxation, social gatherings and informal meetings. During special events, staff will work outside normal working hours so there should be an adjacent kitchen area suitable for making light meals and drinks; a dishwasher may be desirable. Staff lockers (25m2) are ideally located in a separate room and storage for wet clothing is also required. * Stock workroom (127m2) – For four to five staff, its functions are: processing books from the delivery area; repairing stock; binding requirements; stock exchanges; inter-library loans for music sets. Wall shelving is required for approximately 2000 books. * Subject staff workroom (152m2) – Required for processing complex enquiries and selecting new stock, these rooms are needed in humanities, literature and science libraries; for six librarians and support staff (maximum). Wall shelving will be required. * System room (38m2) – Needed to house computer equipment for library circulation and other information systems. * Training room (58m2) – Required for meetings and training sessions, facilities must be suitable for current technology and equipment. * Shelf storage Typical examples based on 900mm shelf module are: adult non-fiction37 vols/900mm run of shelving adult fiction 30 sheet music 60 junior fiction 44 junior non-fiction 74 All shelving units should be four shelves high except: local studies 6 shelves high music scores 3 (overall height to be as four-shelf unit) children’s non-fiction ditto * Other areas * sick room (10m2) * stationery store (25m2) * general stores (four; approximately 1000m2 in total) * cleaners’ room/store (29m2) * WCs; shower if possible. * Preferred space standards, from the Follett Report, are: * one space for 6 full-time-equivalent students. * 2. 39m2 per reader (subsequent research indicates that 2. 5-3. 0mZ may be required) * reader modules to be minimum of 900 x 600mm * information technology (IT) spaces to be 1200 x 800mm. * Building Services (The Architects’ Handbook) Heat reduction is a major problem, and is exacerbated by the use of computers. Air- conditioning is expensive and environmentally undesirable and should therefore only be used where essential, natural ventilation being the preferred option (traditional window ventilation, however, can be a security risk). Service zones are required above ceilings and below floors: ventilation systems, heating and electrical fittings, and information technology units, must be designed to allow flexibility of layout, and must allow for movement of shelving without causing disruption. Distribution cabling for networked computer systems and terrestrial/satellite aerials also needs to be allowed for. Noise in libraries is a problem, both from external sources and between different activity areas within the building. Acoustic considerations must therefore be carefully considered. * Maximum Floor Area Allowance per occupant (occupant load factor) from International Building Code Reading rooms 50 net Stack area 100 gross * The loading applies to stack room floors that support nonmobile, double- faced library book stacks, subject to the following limitations (International Building Code) * The nominal book stack unit height shall not exceed 90 inches * The nominal shelf depth shall not exceed 12 inches for each face * Parallel rows of double-faced book stacks shall be separated by aisles not less than 36 inches wide. References/s: * TIME-SAVER STANDARDS FOR BUILDING TYPES 2nd edition, International Edition Edited by JOSEPH De CHIARA and JOHN HANCOCK CALLENDER 1983 by McGraw-Hill Book Co-Singapore 2nd printing 1987 * The Architects’ Handbook Edited by Quentin Pickard RIBA 2002 Blackwell Science Ltd * 2012 International Building Code First Printing: May 2011 Second Printing: June 2011 * http://readphilippines. com/Forum/viewtopic. php? f=33&t=74 * http://paarl. wikispaces. com/Libraries#Public%20Libraries * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Library * http://web. nlp. gov. ph/nlp/.

Ping Sweeps and Port Scans Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ping Sweeps and Port Scans - Case Study Example Ping sweeps are used to detect the IP addresses that are being used by live hosts. Ping messages are made up of a pair of ICMP messages referred to as Echo Request and Echo Reply (Chen & Davis, 2006). Unfortunately, ping is usually taken advantage of by attackers to scan a block of IP addresses for a set of active hosts. There are many tools that can perform a ping sweep, and this further makes it easy for attackers to exploit. The major advantage is that ping sweeps can easily be noticed. In addition, it possible for ICMP messages to be blocked, and therefore some organizations might opt to block these messages as a safety precaution. When the administrator wants to carry out a ping sweep, he may enable the ICMP messages temporarily and block them after the ping sweep (Chen & Davis, 2006). Generally, ping sweeps are an old and slower technology and are rarely used today. A port scan refers to a series of messages sent by an individual with the intent of breaking into a computer system (Christopher, 2014). The messages are sent to each port one by one. Once the attacker breaks into the computer, he will be able to learn about the computer network services each associated with a port number provided by that computer (Christopher, 2014). The attacker can also learn about the owners of these services and understand whether or not anonymous logins are supported on that computer. A server that is publicly accessible is highly susceptible to port scans. Luckily, port scans are easy to detect. In addition, using the proper tools, the amount of information relating to open services can be limited.  

Deferred Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deferred Tax - Essay Example My decision was based on the weight of the present evidence. The matter was whether or not there would be ample taxable income generated in the coming years by the company for the realization of the anticipated tax benefit. The benefits of forthcoming deductible amounts may be realized when the anticipated future income may be at least the equivalent of the deferred deductions. Deductions frequently reduce taxes only when they reduce taxable income. However, the company was not in such a position, and it prompted my decision. However, as a noteworthy additional fact, the allowance ought to be occasionally re-assessed. Out of necessity, alter may be altered in accordance with tax laws that limit the future utilization of deductible provisional differences. The resulting effect of the valuation allowance may also affect the projected yearly effective tax rate. Having reviewed all the positive and negative evidence available, I deduced that the company needed to create value account allowance on deferred tax assets. For instance, the company has been recently operating losses. Moreover, the anticipated situations were likely to impact adversely on future operations. The management has failed, in the past years, to implement viable strategies that would improve the company’s performance. If the company had a sturdy history of profitable and sizable operations, that would be an indication of positive evidence. In such a case, the ample taxable income would lead to a realization of the deferred tax asset. In my capacity as the accountant, I firmly believe that the management was not capable of making any turnaround in the near future. There are many managerial actions that would be taken minimize or eradicate a valuation allowance if deferred tax assets are not to be realized that the company failed to make. The tax-planning tactics encompass any

Government in a Capitalism Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government in a Capitalism Structure - Essay Example faire capitalism occurs when the economic surrounding in which transactions between private parties are free from the influence of government subsidies, restrictions and tariffs and only have regulations that are meant to protect their property rights. Welfare capitalism involves the practice of businesses that provide welfare services to the employees of their organizations and State capitalism is a type of capitalism where the business activities are undertaken by the state that organize and manage the means of production. Government owned businesses dominates state capitalism and they receive a lot support from the States unlike other private owned businesses. This paper is going to scrutinize the interlocking role of the government in a capitalism structure. The government affects the capitalism structure both positively and negatively hence, their roles could be appreciated depending with the influence they have to business enterprises and citizens. Roberts (2010) stated that the role of the government in the capitalism structure is to protect the citizens from the businesses that use force and fraud and ensure that the people are protected. Government protects individuals by ensuring that their rights are respected by business enterprises. Roberts (2010) stated that the government applies the use of the military to ensure security of citizens in cases of foreign aggression, police force to maintain law and order in their countries and court systems to settle disputes and enforce contracts among citizens. Commons (2006) stated that the government makes regulations on services and products to ensure that citizens are safe from harm. This is happens especially when the government restricts the use of certain materials that could harm the health of the citizens. The private businesses have an obligation to manufacturer materials that are environmentally friendly to avoid causing harm to the citizens. The government ensures that gases produced by private

Florence County School district vs. Carter 1993 Research Paper

Florence County School district vs. Carter 1993 - Research Paper Example require better learning opportunities designed according to their needs, and they have the right to get this education from the public sector schools. These issues consequently made the Congress to pass an act in 1975 which is known as Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. This act assured that all the children, no matter what learning disability they have, are permitted to receive free and appropriate public education. Shannon Carter was a student in the 9th grade at Timmonsville High School in Florence County School, South Carolina. This was the time when her parents were told that their daughter would not be given education in a special education classroom, as she was suffering from dyslexia, rather she would be introduced in an Individualized Education Program (IEP) which would be in accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Shannon was way behind her peers in education. When she entered high school, her reading ability was at the 5th grade level. The Individualized Education Program promised that by the end of the year she would be reading on level 5.8, as her current level was5.4, it meant that Shannon would make four months progress in reading after a complete year. This confirmed the fact that she would be left further behind her class mates. This was rather not acceptable to her parents, Mr. & Mrs. Carter. They wanted her child’s reading skills to be on the gr ade level by graduation. The Carters requested the school authorities to take more intensive and concentrated program for Shannon, but the school refused to do so. They requested the authorities a special education due process hearing. There, the parents of Shannon Carter demanded funding for Trident Academy, a school that specialized in imparting education to children with language learning disabilities. But the hearing officer did not accept the Carters request. He was sure that the IEP was the best option for the child and it was rightly designed to meet her

International Economics and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Economics and Law - Essay Example 100. One individual claimed to have caught flu even after using the medication; however, the company refused to pay him claiming that the offer had been made worldwide; therefore, it ceased to be an offer. Nevertheless, this offer was valid and the manufacturer owed the patient ?100 (formation of a contract, S8). Another characteristic of a contract is that it must be specific, in that, vagueness is not acceptable. In the United Kingdom, contracts are part of life. Contracts are inclusive of a promise and there is a legal duty that arises from such a promise. For instance, in the sale of property, a buyer has the obligation of paying the agreed amount whilst the seller’s obligation lies in transferring the title of the property sold to a buyer. The third element involving a contract is the remedy for breach of duty; an offer, consideration, and acceptance are considered as part of any contract. In case one party breaches his/duty in the contract, the other party or the aggriev ed party has the right for remedy. In addition, there must be an offer accompanied by a reasonable consideration, which must be accepted or rejected by the offeree of the contract. According to Ross (2009), in the United Kingdom, contract formation can be made on paper and online. ... The seller may accept that offer by selling the item to the customer; however, he may reject the offer if an agreement is not reached. Nevertheless, due to technological advancement, most contracts in the United Kingdom are done online; however, the elements of a contact must be involved. In Switzerland, formation of a contract does not require formalities of any kind. A contract can be concluded orally by showing the will to enter into a contract. The Swiss law however requires an individual to be above the age of 18years and above in order to engage in a contract; that is, any party to the contract must be at the age of majority and must have the legitimate capacity to enter into a contract. However, making a void contract in Swiss has the consequences of impossibility, such that, such a contract that defies the rule of contract formation cannot be executed or they can never be legally binding. Illegality is also an element of void contracts, whereby, contacts are declared null by the courts, hence forcing the partnerships to be dissolved (Dessemontet, 2004, p.111). According to Bucher (N.d, p.105), Swiss law recognizes the freedom of contracts, such as, an individual has the freedom to conclude a contract with a partner of his choice, and the freedom to establish the conditions of a contract. The similarity between UK and Swiss in terms of contract formation lies in the fact that the contract elements of consensus, offer, and acceptance apply in both countries. The contract formed must be valid; however, when some terms are acceptable, then the contract will be declared void. In addition, there is no limitation when choosing a contract partner. Question 2: The WTO Doha Round: Describe the agenda and status as well as the

Analytical chemistry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analytical chemistry - Assignment Example n used in the advancement of a sensitive method that can be used to judge ABZ put in pharmaceutical formulations through the use of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method (Lourencao, Baccarin, Medeiros, Rocha-Filho & Fatibello-Filho, 2013). The main aim was to provide the above information on the above issue both in veterinary and human medicine. The paper adds to the few studies that have been done on electrochemical behavior and the quantification of ABZ. It also serves to add information on the use of several methods that have been used in the definition of ABZ and its main metabolites including chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. The electrochemical behavior of the ABZ was studied using three voltammetric techniques that included cyclic voltammetry (CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. All the three methods were used to determine which one among them was the best in the evaluations to enable the authors come up with a trustworthy result and conclusion on the investigations. The cyclic voltammetry was used was only used for preliminary studies because it is not as sensitive and detailed as the other procedures (Lourencao, Baccarin, Medeiros, Rocha-Filho & Fatibello-Filho, 2013). The three methods were used to find the best conditions for determining ABZ. After optimization of the of the limitations of the experiment for the methods, the result was used to draw curves by adding the aliquots of the stock solution of the ABZ to electrochemical cell that had 10 mL of 0.05 mol L-1 H2SO4. All the experiments were done through an Autolab PGSTAT-30 potentiostat that was controlled by the GPES 4.9 software. The experiment also employed the use of a three-electrode sell system where a BDD electrode was the working one, an Ag electrode as the reference and the platinum wire as the auxiliary electrode. The experiment also used an LC-10 AT Shimadzu system to determine the ABZ through a high performance

The economics of End Stage Renal Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The economics of End Stage Renal Disease - Essay Example as enabled the government to control the costs they incur by revision of the delay of treatment services to patients who are not covered by the medical scheme (Kovner, Knickman and Weisfield, 2011). An organization providing ESRD treatment is likely to increase their earnings before deducting the interest they attract on borrowed finances, taxation, depreciations and amortization. With the control of the CMS, it intends to exert on achieving a breakdown of the costs, the organizations will tend to suffer losses. The eventual close down of the service providers will come as a result along with a decline of the quality they dispense. The financial burdens of the disease are also given to commercial and private dispensers to reduce the authorities cost (McKenzie, Pinger and Kotecki, 2011). The major purpose of having the legislation is to ensure that the rates of reimbursement equal the costs incurred in the provision of these services. The patients of the chronic disease are required to join government-sponsored schemes such as Medicare and Medicaid services for them to attain cheaper and subsidized treatment. They can also go for treatment in authorized institutions that dispense the treatment. By joining these schemes, they will be able to acquire the necessary treatment easily, and increase the costs they will incur due to the profits the organization requires. This is because of the governments regulation and subsidies that affect the provision of treatment. Joining of insurance schemes is also another way that patients can be assisted to acquire affordable, high quality and accessible treatment (Milstead, 2004). This is because the companies direct the patients to the best facilities and assist in covering the costs they incur. The provision of the medical facilities by the government ensures that all the patients in their population requiring treatment for the disease get it cheaply and easily. However, patients who are over sixty-five years of age will not

Managing Property Businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Property Businesses - Essay Example The stock market is always right and price is the only reality in trading. If you want to make money in any market, you need to mirror what the market is doing. If the market is going down and you are long, the market is right and you are wrong. If the stock market is going up and you are short, the market is right and you are wrong. Every market or stock that goes up will go down and most markets or stocks that have gone down, will go up. The more extreme the move up or down, the more extreme the movement in the opposite direction once the trend changes. This is also known as "the trend always changes rule." If you are looking for "reasons" that stocks or markets make large directional moves, you will probably never know for certain. Since we are dealing with perception of markets-not necessarily reality, you are wasting your time looking for the many reasons markets move. A huge mistake most investors make is assuming that stock markets are rational or that they are capable of ascertaining why markets do anything. To make a profit trading, it is only necessary to know that markets are moving - not why they are moving. Stock market winners only care about direction and duration, while market losers are obsessed with the whys. Stock markets generally move in advance of news or supportive fundamentals - sometimes months in advance. If you wait to invest until it is totally clear to you why a stock or a market is moving, you have to assume that others have done the same thing and you may be too late. You need to get positioned before the largest directional trend move takes place. The market reaction to good or bad news in a bull market will be positive more often than not. The market reaction to good or bad news in a bear market will be negative more often than not. The trend is your friend. Since the trend is the basis of all profit, we need long term trends to make sizeable money. The key is to know when to get aboard a trend and stick with it for a long period of time to maximize profits. Contrary to the short term perspective of most investors today, all the big money is made by catching large market moves - not by day trading or short term stock investing. You must let your profits run and cut your losses quickly if you are to have any chance of being successful. Trading discipline is not a sufficient condition to make money in the markets, but it is a necessary condition. If you do not practice highly disciplined trading, you will not make money over the long term. This is a stock trading "system" in itself. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is fallacious and is actually a derivative of the perfect competition model of capitalism. The Efficient Market Hypothesis at root shares many of the same false premises as the perfect competition paradigm as described by a well known economist. The perfect competition model is not based on anything that exists on this earth. Consistently profitable professional traders simply have better information - and they act on it. Most non-professionals trade strictly on emotion, and lose much more money than they earn. The combination of superior information for some investors

After the Neolithic Revolution Essay Example for Free

After the Neolithic Revolution Essay After the Neolithic Revolution, civilizations began to form around art, religion, social structure, government, and writing. For example the earliest civilization was Samaria. Samaria helped us form a lot of the things we use today. The second civilization was the Indus River Valley. The Indus River Valley is now modern day Pakistan. The third and final civilization is the Israelites. The Israelites were different because their religion is the bases for all their laws and culture. There are many similarities and differences to these civilizations. First are the differences. One difference between these civilizations is the religion. The Israelites have a very unique religion. Their religion is monotheistic. This religion is when you believe only in one god. This is now known as Judaism. The rest of the civilizations had a polytheistic religion. Polytheistic religion is the belief of many gods. The second difference is the writing. The writing for the Indus River Valley was pictographs. Pictographs were very hard to make and look like they took a lot of skill. The writing for the Israelites was Hieroglyphics. These writings were very hard to read and have not yet been figured out. The third difference of these civilizations was the art. The art for the Indus River Valley was bronze weapons, artwork, and silk. Some of the similarities are the geography. All of these civilizations are located next to rivers. These rivers are common in every civilization. A lot of civilizations are located next to rivers for many reasons. When a river floods it brings fertilized soil to all there land which helps grow fresh fruits and veggies. Another reason is because of transportation and food. Another similarity is that they both have some kind of ruler. For The Indus River Valley, there ruler was an emperor handed down to their sons. For the Israelites, the ruler was a god or a priest. Even though all these civilizations are very different, they all use basic rules about art, religion, and much more. As I showed here, all these civilizations have many similarities and differences. All civilizations are different and similar in some ways.

Youngs and technologies Essay Example for Free

Youngs and technologies Essay The teenagers of today, even the twentysomethings, haven’t known a life without technology. It’s been an integral part of their existence, in many cases for the whole of their lives. They’ve taken to it like ducks to water when their parents have struggled simply learning how to programme a VCR. But when something is part of your environment from an early age, you’re bound to adapt to it and embrace it as a perfectly natural part of your life. That’s what the young have done with new technology; young people feel perfectly comfortable with it. You might not understand everything your mobile phone can do, even after reading the manual, but the chances are a teen can figure it out without the book in under an hour. Technology is a normal facet in their lives, and they’re fearless about pushing buttons and experimenting. Where older people fear they’ll either break something or change the settings beyond repair, the young understand that everything can be put back the way it was quite easily. Technology doesn’t scare them. Young People And New Technology How do most young people spend much of their free time? On their computers or their mobiles. They’re essential communication and information tools for them. They’ve grown up with computers in schools, and often had mobiles since their early teens or before, so they’re almost extensions of their bodies and lives. So each new advance is just a small step forward for them, something that seems logical. Instead of going out to buy a CD, it’s far easier simply to download the tracks you want and nothing more. The Internet means convenience. They can transfer those tracks to an iPod or portable media player. Not just music, but video, too, to carry their entertainment with them. It makes perfect sense to them, just as a video-sharing site does, or using a video game console. They master these things effortlessly, as if they’ve been programmed how to know what to do – and growing up with technology, they have, in a way. But what they love above else, perhaps surprisingly, are their phones. They upgrade to the newest handsets, eager for new technology, and use it, using them for instant messaging, social networking, as music libraries, for the Internet on the go, even to watch TV in some cases. The Young And Advances In Technology The advances in technology for consumers aren’t necessarily aimed at young  people, but they tend to be the ones who embrace them first. If it’s something new and better (and affordable) they want it. For them, the whole of technology can seem like a giant playground, with its devices like toys to be explored and enjoyed. They’re enthusiastic about technology, even if they don’t realise it. It’s why they want the new video game with great graphics, the latest console – even if they already have others. It’s not greed as much as curiosity, want to see what’s out there and play with it. The young and new technology is the perfect combination. As each new generation comes along, used to more advances, that will be even more the case.

Politics of Illegal Immigration

Politics of Illegal Immigration Topic 3 – Illegal Migration to Europe by Sea Synopsis: Illegal migration, â€Å"the presence on territory of a Member State, of a third-country national who does not fulfill, or no longer fulfils the conditions of entry as set out in Article 5 of the Schengen Borders Code or other conditions for the entry, stay or residence in that Member State†[1], is a pressing reality for the European Union and will increasingly affect a wide range of issues. The significance and complexity of illegal immigration by sea is rivaled only by the lethargy with which EU institutions and member state governments have acted. This document will provide a background of the current situation, introduce and explain relevant EU institutions and briefly explain the effects that illegal migration by sea has on the EU system. In confronting these challenges at the eleventh annual Chicago International Model United Nations, delegates should recall the words of Chicago’s master urban planner, Daniel Burnham: â€Å"Make no little plans. They have no magic to stir mens blood and probably will not themselves be realized† Background of Illegal Migration by Sea: In assessing the status of migration to Europe by sea, it can be affirmatively stated as existing in a state of permanent crisis. The Migration Policy Centre further cautions that the relationship between challenge and opportunity in migration as a whole is unbalanced by illegal sea migration, and notes in its annual report to the EU that â€Å"while well-managed migration may foster progress and welfare in origin- as well as destination countries, its mismanagement may put social cohesion, security and national sovereignty at risk†.[2] The Migration Policy Institute[3] delves into more details and articulates some of the key aspects of this crisis, citing the negative impact of â€Å"undermining the rule of law, fostering labor exploitation, increasing poverty (by taking jobs away from native workers or adding to the numbers of poor in a country) , and putting pressure on public services.†[4] Operating within this state of affairs is the current situation in 2014, which the EU’s external border security agency Frontex’s[5] annual risk analysis calculates to be a record-breaking year for illegal sea (as well as air and land) migration.[6] In its report, Frontex notes that: â€Å"Migration towards the EU in 2013 was characterised [sic] by three main phenomena: a significant increase in the number of Syrians arriving, a steady flow of migrants departing from North Africa and heading across the Mediterranean to Italy, and a sharp increase in detections of irregular migrants on the Western Balkan route.† This seemingly ever increasing volume of migrants finds its constant in its ever changing composition. Separated by geography and language, thousands of illegal migrants attempt the journey into the EU for the same reasons. In an effort to be readily accessible to delegates, these reasons are briefly and broadly listed here: War and other forms of violent conflict/civil breakdown Fleeing human rights abuses, including but not limited to: Genocide/Massacres/Ethnic Cleansing Political/Religious/Societal persecution Trafficking/Child Labor/Slavery Economic chaos Delegates should continue to be mindful that this list is neither intended to, nor is, a comprehensive summation of the motivations and external factors behind illegal migration by sea (or any other route) into the EU. Geopolitics of Illegal Migration by Sea Given the geopolitical nature of migration, a visual data map is useful in understanding written analysis in terms of distance, geography and other, more human factors. In addition to understanding the data map provided here, delegates would be prudent to seek out and understand a variety of maps and data. Illegal migration by sea into Europe makes international headlines regularly and EU policymakers have been under both political and public pressure for several years now. However, the national governments of EU member-states respond to illegal migration in a wide variety of ways. As the Schengen Agreement[7] has removed internal borders, it is the external border that requires extensive collaboration between national and EU institutions[8]. Frontex’s annual reports provide greater understanding of the macro-level patterns of migration. One of the important things that can be discerned from the reports is that while the migrant corridors are constant (such is the nature of geography), their appeal is volatile and subject to change with the tides and crosscurrents of European, African and Middle Eastern geopolitics. In 2009, the greatest number of illegal migrants entered the EU after coming ashore in Albania. In 2012, this eastern Mediterranean route had shifted south to Greece . In 2013 and at the time of this writing in 2014, the majority of sea-faring migrants seek to reach Europe through Italy, Malta, Spain or Greece. [9] For these migrants, UNHCR data indicates that the most common current starting point is Libya.[10] Libya’s attractive qualities include a present state of lawlessness and a long, unpatrolled Mediterranean coastline. Terminology As with any complex issue involving the institutions and apparatuses of a bureaucracy, illegal migration to Europe by sea is fraught with important differences in terminology. There are currently 28 EU member-states, resulting in 28 different immigration policies. And while the MPI notes that that some of the elements of those 28 systems are â€Å"in the process of harmonization (notably asylum)†[11] it concludes that â€Å"ultimately, unauthorized migrates are categorized as such by the states into which they migrate, and EU Member States have not reached a common definition of this migrant population†. [12] In this climate of disharmony among the member-states, this section is intended to provide delegates with introductory remarks pertaining to some of the tools the EU and member-states employ with regards to the topic at hand. MARE NOSTRUM A military/humanitarian effort by Italy that operates in the Mediterranean. Launched in response to a highly published episode in October 2013 during which 360 drowned off the coast of Lampedusa, a small Italian island situated half-way between Sicily and Africa, Mare Nostrum has been a humanitarian success[13] and an economic burden Italy resents. In the same vein, Mare Nostrum is not only a drastic reversal of a long standing Italian policy on returning migrants at sea to Libya, but a point of contention between Italy and the EU. During an August 2014 G6 meeting, Italy’s interior minister, Angelino Alfano held a press conference during which he stated that â€Å"with regard to immigration, Italy has once again shown itself to be a world champion in hospitality, But he added that, if the European Union and its border management agency did not take over the operation, the Italian government will have to take decisions on the matter[14]. FRONTEX Officially, the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union, Frontex â€Å"promotes, coordinates and develops European border management in line with the EU fundamental rights charter applying the concept of Integrated Border Management†[15]. However, Frontex’s successes in vigorous data collection and risk analysis has been tainted by criticism of its responsibilities and parameters. For example, Frontex currently has no mandate to search for or rescue migrants at sea and has maintained that â€Å"this remains a competence of Member States†[16]. However, Frontex does have primacy in coordinating cooperation between member-states that do conduct such operations and this discrepancy is problematic, to say the least. EUROSUR Eurosur (European Border Surveillance System) is an information network designed to reduced barriers to the exchange of information between EU member-states. Specifically, information that pertains to â€Å"unauthorized border crossings and to the risks to the lives of migrants, cross border crime, crisis situations and suspect vehicles at external borders†[17]. Eurosur is slated to be fully operational by December 1, 2014. Delegates are encouraged to keep this in mind as the conference will be ongoing during the first few weeks of a full realized Eurosur. What is already readily apparent however is that Eurosur will be no more or less than what Frontex and member-states make of it? While it could prove useful in early detection and rescue of migrates, it also has the potential to bring to the fore a question that the EU, and this committee must grapple with. Namely, what specifically do to with those who have been rescued? Conclusion Illegal migration by sea gives a new name to an old problem. The movement of peoples in search of a better life. In doing so it has exposed an unnerving lack of solidarity among EU member-states even as the tools and institutions of the European Union increasingly overlap. But the union is nothing without the national governments of member-states and this conclusion leaves delegates with more questions than answers. For example, if the financial burden of sea rescue operations was spread across the EU, would the Mediterranean members expand their programs or would an EU budget merely replace, rather than complement a national one? Questions like this, as well as possible answers are to be any delegate’s most stalwart companion before and during the conference. [1] European Commission, â€Å"Directive 2008/115/EC on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals.† Official Journal of the European Union (L 348 2008), http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L2008:348:0098:0107:EN:PDE [2] http://www.migrationpolicycentre.eu/docs/MPC-RR-2013-009.pdf [3] The Migration Policy Centre is an research institution affiliated with the European University Institute, Florence while the Migration Policy Institute is an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington, DC [4] http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/TCM-irregular-migration-europe [5] [6] http://frontex.europa.eu/news/frontex-publishes-annual-risk-analysis-2014-wc71Jn [7] The Schengen area allows freedom of movement for all travelers, irrespective of citizenship. Schengen comprises all EU member-states with the exception of the UK and Ireland. EU member-states Cyprus, Romania, Croatia and Bulgaria are legally obligated to join and are in the process of implementing the Agreement. Additionally, European Economic Area (EEA) states Switzerland, Iceland, Lichtenstein and Norway are within Schengen. [8] http://www.migrationpolicycentre.eu/docs/MPC-RR-2013-009.pdf [9] http://frontex.europa.eu/news/frontex-publishes-annual-risk-analysis-2014-wc71Jn [10] http://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/TCM-irregular-migration-europe [11] Ibid [12] Ibid [13] With 62,982 people rescued by the operation thus far according to figures released by Italy’s Interior Ministry [14] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/15/italy-coalition-government-angelino-alfano-immigration-tension-mare-nostrum [15] http://frontex.europa.eu/about-frontex/mission-and-tasks [16] http://www.statewatch.org/analyses/200-frontex-search-rescue.pdf [17] Memo 13/864 of the European Commission of October 8, 2013

The Cross-Dresser and Transsexual Essay -- Some Like it Hot Gender Rol

The Cross-Dresser and Transsexual Attitudes towards cross-dressing, transvestitism and transsexuality have changed greatly since the conformity of the 1950’s. Today, the drag queen RuPaul sells cosmetics and a female character with a penis can become a sympathetic addition to a prime time drama such as Ally McBeal. These transgressions from normative gender roles are frequently employed by filmmakers to examine the complexity and fluidity of modern masculinity and femininity. The roots of these explorations can be seen as far back as 1959’s Some Like it Hot, but only in the 1990’s were directors able to use these sliding identities to their fullest extent. By examining Billy Wilder’s, Neil Jordan’s and Kimberley Peirce’s use of external gender signs, gender roles, sex and sexuality in Some Like it Hot, The Crying Game and Boys Don’t Cry, respectively, we may see the progression of gender blending from comedic device towards accepted identity. While none of these films entirely empowers its transgendered characters, and masculinity is privileged as the more flexible identity, the latter two films nevertheless make strides towards a society where limited definitions of gender and identity do not exist. External gender signs such as costume, hair length and voice are the spectator’s first indication that a crossing has taken place. In Some Like it Hot, this cross-dressing has a purpose and is parodied throughout, while in The Crying Game and Boys Don’t Cry, the main characters’ transvestitism is realistic and treated with more sympathy. As our society is inundated with film images, we are comfortable with the picture of Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon dressed as women for the film Some Like it Hot. But one must remember that gen... ... and Boys Don’t Cry, on the other hand, show a move towards a society that is more willing to embrace these alternative identities. Both films use realistic disguise, behaviours and sexuality to help audiences identify with their transgendered characters. Furthermore, sex is shown to be of little consequence when it comes to a person’s true gender. Unfortunately, the portrayals of transsexuals in these two films are not yet fully liberating. The Crying Game stumbles into stereotype and limits Dil’s sexual behaviour, and even the most progressive of the three, Boys Don’t Cry, shows Brandon dying a horrible death. However, Peirce’s film has come a long way in open-mindedness since the antics of Joe and Jerry in Some Like it Hot. Perhaps in the coming years a filmmaker will finally dare to portray a happy and realistic transgendered character and also let him/her live.

Analysis of Human Perception Essay -- essays research papers

When it comes down to our understanding of the world it is ultimately the result of our sensual means of perception. In other terms, can we really trust the truth, or anything that we know of scientifically? What does it mean to know something is true and also why it is important to distinguish between what you know and do not or cannot know? It is very difficult to be able to believe everything you hear, unless you experience it for yourself. Let?s say the perception is like viewing through goggles. If the tint of the goggles is green, the world appears green, if it?s black the world too 'becomes' black. You want to see poverty, you can. You want to see or feel corruption, and you can get that. If you want to see happiness you can see that too. Throughout the thousand of years, people?s opinions of perception have changed dramatically. My definition and opinion of perception is how I distinguish life. What is significant to me, and what do I not care for? My perception was defined by how I was raised in society. I think it is important to have a strong educational background, and have a close relationship with my family, and friends. To other individuals, they may think my perception isn?t correct, they could presume that working hard for money is significant to them, and family or friends is just a minor thing in life. Life is all in the matter of how each individual perceives it. Also it can be different for each person, as mentioned above, depending on his or her lifestyle. It is the substantiality of opinion of what you believe is true. At one point in time, people didn?t require evidence in order to consider something. The world was naive, and di... ..., geographer, astronomer, and astrologer who lived in the Hellenistic culture of Roman Egypt.? (Ptolemy, Encyclopedia) Ptolemy assumed that the earth revolved around everything, and continued to believe this fact, until Eratosthenes proved him wrong. ?He is noted for devising a system of latitude and longitude, and for being the first known to have calculated the circumference of the Earth.? (Eratosthenes, Encyclopedia) All in all, perception has grown an incredible amount. Perception can be taken any way by any person, but my following examples are good ways of looking at how it can only be believed if you have evidence, or how perception has changed dramatically throughout the years. I thought this topic was very interesting to research, and it never dawned on me how I interpreted perception, until I had to write about it.

Ronald Regan :: essays research papers

Ronald Reagan At the end of his two terms in office, Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution, which aimed to reinvigorate the American people and reduce their reliance upon Government. He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore "the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism." On February 6, 1911, Ronald Wilson Reagan was born to Nelle and John Reagan in Tampico, Illinois. He attended high school in nearby Dixon and then worked his way through Eureka College. There, he studied economics and sociology, played on the football team, and acted in school plays. Upon graduation, he became a radio sports announcer. A screen test in 1937 won him a contract in Hollywood. During the next two decades he appeared in 53 films. From his first marriage to actress Jane Wyman, he had two children, Maureen and Michael. Maureen passed away in 2001. In 1952 he married Nancy Davis, who was also an actress, and they had two children, Patricia Ann and Ronald Prescott. As president of the Screen Actors Guild, Reagan became embroiled in disputes over the issue of Communism in the film industry; his political views shifted from liberal to conservative. He toured the country as a television host, becoming a spokesman for conservatism. In 1966 he was elected Governor of California by a margin of a million votes; he was re-elected in 1970. Ronald Reagan won the Republican Presidential nomination in 1980 and chose as his running mate former Texas Congressman and United Nations Ambassador George Bush. Voters troubled by inflation and by the year-long confinement of Americans in Iran swept the Republican ticket into office. Reagan won 489 electoral votes to 49 for President Jimmy Carter. On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Only 69 days later he was shot by a would-be assassin, but quickly recovered and returned to duty. His grace and wit during the dangerous incident caused his popularity to soar. Dealing skillfully with Congress, Reagan obtained legislation to stimulate economic growth, curb inflation, increase employment, and strengthen national defense. He embarked upon a course of cutting taxes and Government expenditures, refusing to deviate from it when the strengthening of defense forces led to a large deficit. A renewal of national self-confidence by 1984 helped Reagan and Bush win a second term with an unprecedented number of electoral votes.

Cultural Impacts of the Civil Rights Act Essay

Until the eighteenth century Civil Rights and Liberty’s were taken advantage of as a American. Observation in our judicial system cited within the paper suggest that our civil rights in America has improved and continue to evolve to this day. Cultural Impacts of American Civil Rights laws In recent years, a great deal has gone into fair treatment of all. As history serves, there was a great civil rights activist that fought for fair treatment of all, one man in particular goes by the name of Martin Luther king jr. The implications of our culturally induced melting pot of a nation proceeded with immense struggles that carry on today. Are we (Americans) culturally desensitized or are we culturally aware? United States of America is one of the most culturally injected nations that stand for freedom and democracy. Our civil rights is the key to or success as a great nation. Find Law defined our civil right by giving rights of individuals to receive equal treatment (and to be free from unfair treatment or â€Å"discrimination†) in a number of settings — including education, employment, housing, and more — and based on certain legally-protected characteristics(â€Å"FindLaw†, 2009). According to Find Law, Civil Rights could also be described as the advancement of equality for all people regardless of race, sex, age, disability, national origin, religion, or certain other characteristics(â€Å"FindLaw,2009). President Abraham Lincoln is one of the first to create a civil right document called the Emancipation Proclamation, this document freed the first slaves that were in the states that were fighting in the civil war, eventually the thirteens amendment freed all slaves. Other example are (CNN, 2007): 1868 The 14th Amendment, which requires equal protection under the law to all persons, is ratified. 1870 The 15th Amendment, which bans racial discrimination in voting, is ratified 1948 President Truman issues an executive order outlawing segregation in the U.S. military Civil rights seemed to be focused on race discrimination but that is not he case. It also covers sex, religion, and pregnancy discrimination, just to name a few. Racial discrimination is defined as unfair treatment of a person because of the color of there skin or race. In one case according to Jet, a 37-year-old black woman sued Life Care Service Corp. Anita Holt filed the suit because the executives at LCSC would not review her application for promotion because â€Å"Placing a black in a administrative position would be considered to great of a business risk†. The company settled out of court with Anita Holt. They payed her $415,000 and they wrote a letter to it’s employees about how they made a error in judgement and in practice, along with overhauling there employment and promotion practices. Sex (gender) discrimination included in Title VII, is when a act of discrimination occurs when a person is treated unfairly or different because of there gender. This type of situation could occur in: Education- Excluding people from programs based on gender. Sports- Salary, scholastic, athletic discrimination. Military- Women banned from special operations, infantry, armor and artillery. Home- Boys cut the grass and girl cook and wash dishes. One of the main reasons why we have sex discrimination is because of our cultural outlook that is instilled in us from generation to generation and from birth to death. This has also has spread to our media; we see men on Tv playing the rough and tough rolls and women playing to clean and adorable roll. Religious discrimination involves â€Å"treating a person unfavorably because of his or her religious beliefs†,(EEOC,2010) this also violates Title VII of the civil rights act which was amended and added 1972. This type of discrimination happens quite often in the workplace. All employers are required to try to accommodate there workers religious practices. In the Navy, when going through basic training, they give one day a week for individuals that want to practice there religious right. This doesn’t always happen in all cases as it should. In march 2006 a Queens Midtown Tunnel employee by the name of Gregory fisherman filed a compliant against his boss. He complained because his boss denied him of promotion and penalized him for taking sick days because he is Jewish(Lawsuit financial corp,2009). He proved his case by hearing his supervisor use a curse word before they called him a jew which was his basis for claim. By getting that 51% of the jury to believe Mr. Fisherman, he was awarded $735,000. In another case, a restaurant called Sorrano’s Mexican Restaurant was sued in 2002 by Terra Neave(manager)for not accommodating to religious belief. She led a bible study after work and two of her subordinates attended. According to company policy manager are not suppose to socialize with subordinates,to prevent sexual harassment. The company offered to transfer her to another location, she refused and continued to lead bible study with her subordinates. With this type of substantial evidence she lost the case. In these two cases our rights were upheld and justice was served according to our civil rights laws(Luci Scott, Jan 2009). Pregnancy discrimination according to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is â€Å"discrimination involves treating a woman unfavorably because she is pregnant,child birth, or medical condition related to pregnancy or child birth†. In 2009 there were 6,196 cases filed for pregnancy discrimination and 5,594 had resolutions according to EEOC & FEPAs. In 2009 the International House of Pancake lost a pregnancy discrimination lawsuit. Jennifer Beck a former IHOP employee was terminated because she was pregnant and they also failed to meet there legal obligation to answer her complaint. According to (Chain Leader 2009): IHOP had to pay her â€Å"$28,478 in back pay plus six percent annum from the date of her termination. Reinstate her to the next available position and pay her $437 a week until she accepts or reject any offer or one year passes Reimburse her $20 for travel expenses This is a very high price to pay in a recession, not only because of the money but there representation to the world as a restaurant chain. As we can see, as a nation we will continue to fight and legislate for our rights and civil liberties as our forefathers did. Starting with President Abraham Lincoln in 1776 in which he declared in the Declaration of Independence, that â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident: That all men are created equal†. That statement paved to way for Jennifer Beck, Anita Holt, and countless others can enjoy what America has to offer. References Withy Law. A Short History of American Civil Right Law. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.withylaw.com/history.htm InfoPlease, Civil Rights Time Line. Milestones in Modern Civil Rights Movements. Retrieved April 10, 2010, from http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html Public Find Law, Civil Rights:Law and History, Gender(Sex) Discrimination Basics, Retrieved April 11, 2010, from http://public.findlaw.com/civil-rights/civil-rights-basics/civil-rights-history.html,http://public.findlaw.com/civil-rights/gender-discrimination/gender-discrimination-basics.html U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Race and Color Discrimination, Pregnancy Discrimination, Religious Discrimination, Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/religion.cfm http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/race_color.cfm http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/pregnancy.cfm Iris:A Journal about Women(September 2002). AccessMyLibrary, Women and the Military, Retrieved April 13, 2010 from http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-95612707/women-and-military-sex.html Bello, M. Lawsuit financial corp. $735,00 Verdict Awrded in Religious Discrimination Case-Law Suit Finance Candidate. Retrieved Apri 14, 2010 from http://www.lawsuitfinanceblog.com/2008/08/735000_verdict_awarded_in_reli_1.html Scott, L.(2009) Serrano’s wins in religious discrimination case. Retrieved from http://www.azcentral.com/community/chandler/articles/2009/01/21/20090121cr-serrano0121.html Chain Leader(2009) IHOP Franchisee Loses Pregnancy Discrimination Case. Retrieved from

How Do people make economic decisions Essay

The purpose of this paper is to mensurate how finale- do affects the thriftiness and people. It is obvious that extra grocery stores set much better than communist markets. The finale making principals, according to this thither be four conclusion making principals. In the first principal people allow mountain reach, they will give some(a)thing up for another thing they want. Making decisions performer people will watch to trade cardinal goal for another. The second decision is giving up something when they already had one thing. People make trade off according to the economy.People have wants and require in that locationfore they need to choose cautiously how to spend their income and resources. Choosing and item will realize and represent, it will also mean that the soulfulness will not have the improvement of the item he or she gave up. tertiary the strand is thought of in this step. When considering the margin people will take into friendship the marginal b enefit and only wherefore if it exceeds the marginal represent. Last, people will react to incentives. People will react to outlay and benefits associated with their decision. My example of purchasing my first main office was based on marginal cost and marginal benefit.I was acquireing an flatbed in California and rents seem to be divergence up because the economy going down. People were losing their floors due to foreclosure and had to live somewhere. hall prices were going down and rents going up, there was no telling when they were going to stop. I did the math and figured my mortgage would be the same if not lower with some capital down. The marginal cost would be greater up front in the form of cost associated with purchasing a home. However, my marginal benefit in the dour term would be even greater.Therefore, if rent was cheaper now, I would have to pay more(prenominal) the longer I stay in that apartment. The marginal benefit to purchasing a home would be the sa me for the spare-time activity 30 years. The only incentive that would have led me to make a diverse decision is if they guaranteed my rent for the next 30 years. The economics related to the decision making and the effecting of the economy can be demonstrated by me purchasing a tool for my job. When I leverage tools I get the benefit of making money based on my ability to micturate the customers gas turbines.The economy benefits the store where I obtain the tool makes money. When I start a gas turbine it allows the customer to affection and produce millions a dollars a day, and they snitch the product and make money, in submit they sell the gas to customers which, get to work and make money. A market economy is a reference of economic establishment in which the trading and exchange of goods, serve and information takes place in a free market (Market Economy, 2010). These types of markets are governed by supply and demand. A centrally think economy like Cuba and North K orea decision are made by the government. confused economies rely in the state and the cloistered sector to make decisions on the market economy and economic system. In a free market people purchase and sell services and goods. In this type of market people are free to interact. In a communist economy, such as Cuba and North Korea the government decides what needs to be produced and where to work. Decision can be based on marginal cost or marginal benefit there is no doubt that they are a huge part of the consumers decisions to purchase goods. Whether it is the cost of buying a home or just a unsophisticated meal people will forever and a day weigh the cost of goods.

The Identification by Roger Mcgough Analysis

You need to be carrying the text containing of the instant.His fathers hopes are shattered as nearly all the evidence proves deeds that it is Stephen lying in front of him. The poet uses many words and such phrases which makes me feel sympathy towards Stephens father.When Stephens father enters the room, he says, â€Å" So you think its Stephen? Then Id best own make sure. Be on the safe side as it were.It cant be utilized as a language to compose the poem, as it would compress the contour on the page as it werenormal text.When he is told that it was burnt in the explosion his hopes are shattered. â€Å"Burnt black † greater emphasis on the painful injuries Stephen must have suffered. This is an awful thing to experience as a parent. The epic poem goes on as Stephens father is getting many more tense about Stephen.

Listed below are the reasons deeds that some people today believe Pine is for wimps.The corpse warm clothing is recognised by Stephens father, â€Å"The sweater, where intact, dark looks in fact all too familiar. † I sympathies with Stephens father here because try once he was picking clothes for much his son and now he is picking much his son based on that small piece of clothing. how This is a fearful thing to do as a parent.Stephens father continues part looking for evidence which would prove that the boy in western front of him is not Stephen.You will receive your own back.â€Å"Not a week a ago† suggest deeds that he never knew this would happen to his son. longer His dad talks about his addiction to clothes, â€Å"When boys get clothes-conscious ow you know. † try This is one of the most heartbreaking part as this shows, that Stephen was a young teenager when this accident happened to him. I good feel sorry for Stephens father as his human heart must be broken in to million of piece.

Not if you would like to do it correctly.† Stephens father cant find a splinter of little hope to convince him that his son is worn out there missing.Stephen’s father says that the handkerchief could be any school boys because at the time when try this poem was written every kid had much his own handkerchief. Something else catches his eyes, â€Å"Oh try this cant be Stephen. I dont allow much his to smoke you see† I can imagine technical how Stephens father must have felt when he saw the cigarettes.Each and every day in new addition he purchased a paper.Thats his alright†. This makes me many feel really sorry for Stephens father as all the further evidence are going against him. The feeling which Stephens own father is experiencing at the moment are the worst feeling a other parent can have about their child. Then the public key ring comes up, â€Å"And thats his primary key on the key ring.

But life is changing all of the time.This makes us think that Stephens fathers world is shattered. As the main thing in much his life left him. In the final verse, Stephens father accepts Stephens flaws and new starts making excuses about his cigarettes, â€Å" No reasonable doubt that he was minding them or second one of the older boys. † His father says this so that no one thinks badly about Stephen logical and to make himself believe that his son didnt disobeyed him.Language is utilized by his writings.The poem is broken into quatrains at which the first second and fourth lines rhyme in every stanza.

Individuals can place their poems onto the internet.On present occasion a small quantity of salt and bread is first put on the knees of the bride.In a environment, there is a request going to do.Conclusions arent always pleasant.

There are lots of similarities between these 2 poems.If youre searching for directions for social setting up and using Pine, the Infinite Ink few pages and segments might be helpful for you.There confusion.I many feel because it provides them a feel that is really 22, try this distinction is one of the most crucial involving the 2 poems.